With quantum technology taking over conventional technology, quantum computing is slowly making its lead into heads of researchers and technology enthusiasts. Quantum computers are based on the Quantum mechanics phenomenon, where it is possible to be in more than one state at a time unlike conventional computers, which is classical phenomena and can only be in a single state at a given time. Developments in quantum computing can lead to advances in AI and machine learning.
Quantum computing started in the early 1980s. It uses quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation. It developed as a result of efforts to develop computer technology based on principles of quantum theory. It efficiently processes certain computations at a faster rate than conventional computers that use transistors called bits.
Information is encoded in quantum bits or qubits in quantum systems. A bit has single binary value ie, 0 or 1 (single state) whereas qubits can be both at the same time ie, it can be 0,1 and both 1 and 0 at the same time, ie, they can also exist in superposition and not confine to a two-state solution. Qubits’ ability to take up multiple states simultaneously is where the potential power of quantum computer lies. Due to this quantum computers can perform exceptionally complex tasks at supersonic velocities. Also, another important aspect of qubits is that change of the state on one qubit will immediately change the state of other predictably. This enables companies to have instant communication relays.
Challenges
Quantum computers are extremely difficult to engineer, build, and program. As a result, they develop errors in the form of noise, faults, and loss of quantum coherence. Several companies like IBM, Google, and Rigetti computing uses superconducting circuits that need to be cooled to temperatures colder than deep space.
Applications
Quantum computers have endless possibilities in its way, once the challenges are overcome. In automobiles, Volkswagen and Daimler use quantum computing to build better vehicle batteries, improved batteries of electric vehicles can help to switch to those vehicles. In Banking, JP Morgan’s team wanted to explore quantum computers to develop a methodology for the pricing option contracts. IBM used it for accurate weather prediction. Moreover, quantum computing can be used for Traffic optimization, financial modeling, cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence, etc. Various leading companies have used quantum computing for purposes like mentioned above and have been successful and deeply satisfied with the results.
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