Acute Ear Infections in Children: Prevention and Treatment
Dr. T Vijay Kumar, Consultant Neonatologist and Paediatrician, Ankura Hospital For Women & Children
Acute ear infections, also known as acute otitis media (AOM), are common childhood ailments characterized by inflammation and infection of the middle ear. These infections often result from bacterial or viral agents and can cause discomfort and pain for children. However, several preventive measures and treatment options can help manage and alleviate the symptoms associated with acute ear infections.
Prevention:
Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding infants for at least the first six months of life has been linked to a reduced risk of ear infections. Breast milk contains antibodies that help bolster the baby’s immune system, potentially reducing the likelihood of infections.
Avoiding Passive Smoking: Exposure to passive smoking increases the risk of ear infections in children. Parents and doctors should make efforts to keep children away from environments where smoking occurs.
Vaccinations: Following the recommended vaccination schedule can help prevent certain infections that may lead to acute ear infections. Vaccines such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and the influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of ear infections caused by specific pathogens.
Promote Good Hygiene: Encouraging children to practice good hygiene, such as regular handwashing, can help minimize the spread of infections that may contribute to ear infections.
Limiting Pacifier Use: Prolonged pacifier use has been associated with an increased risk of ear infections. Limiting the use of pacifiers, especially during sleep, may help reduce this risk.
Treatment:
Antibiotics: In cases where the ear infection is bacterial and severe, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. It’s essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.
Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate discomfort associated with ear infections. Follow the recommended dosage based on the child’s age and weight.
Ear Drops: Ear drops containing analgesics or antibiotics may be prescribed to help alleviate pain and combat infection directly in the affected ear.
Warm Compresses: Applying a warm, moist compress to the affected ear can provide temporary relief from pain and help reduce inflammation.
Rest and Fluids: Encourage the child to rest and stay hydrated to support their immune system as they recover from the infection.
Observation: In some cases, particularly with mild infections and in older children, doctors may recommend a period of observation without immediate antibiotic treatment, as many ear infections resolve on their own without complications.
Surgical Intervention: In rare cases of recurrent or severe ear infections, surgical procedures such as tympanostomy tube insertion may be considered. These tubes help ventilate the middle ear and prevent fluid buildup, reducing the risk of future infections.
