Dr. Ramana Reddy Naru, Surgical Oncologist, HCG MNR Curie Cancer Center
Ongole
Our lifestyles have undergone significant changes that impact our overall health, particularly our digestive systems. The modern diet, often rich in processed foods and low in fiber, combined with sedentary habits and high stress levels, has led to an increasing focus on gut health. As we become more aware of the crucial role our gut plays in overall well-being, from immune function to mental health, it’s important to address potential risks to our digestive system. Among these, colon and rectal cancer stand out as significant concerns that warrant our attention.
Colon and rectal cancer, collectively known as colorectal cancer, is a significant health concern worldwide. As the third most common cancer globally, it’s crucial to understand the risks associated with this disease and recognize its early signs for timely intervention and improved outcomes. Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It typically starts as small, noncancerous growths called polyps, which can develop into cancer over time if left untreated.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. The risk increases significantly after age 50, and having close relatives with colorectal cancer elevates risk. Inherited syndromes like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis also play a role. Lifestyle factors contribute significantly, including a diet high in red and processed meats, low fiber intake, lack of regular physical activity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption. Additionally, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Early Signs and Symptoms
Recognizing early signs is crucial for early detection and treatment. Common symptoms include changes in bowel habits, such as persistent diarrhea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency. Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, which may appear bright red or very dark, is another warning sign. Persistent abdominal discomfort, including cramps, gas, or pain that doesn’t resolve, should not be ignored. Unexplained weight loss, weakness or fatigue, and feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely are also potential indicators. It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. However, if they persist for more than a few weeks, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional.
Prevention and Screening
Prevention strategies include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, and a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Regular screening is vital, especially for those over 50 or with higher risk factors. Screening methods include colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and CT colonography. Early detection through screening can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Understanding the risks and recognizing early signs of colorectal cancer empowers individuals to take proactive steps in their health. By staying informed, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and participating in regular screenings, we can work towards reducing the impact of this prevalent cancer. If you experience persistent symptoms or fall into a high-risk category, don’t hesitate to speak with your healthcare provider about appropriate screening and preventive measures.
